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Planetary Nebula Library: Hydro Runs

See the following pages for additional runs, tests, and changes:

• Go to the ​Clump + Jet page for models that include both a clump and jet.
• Go to the ​Tests page for current tests being done.
• Go ​here to find a list of changes that were made to the PN Library today.

Reason for Library

Here we explore a variety of possible parameters and environments that can shape planetary nebulae, presented in various forms. This library will record a number of combinations of different density backgrounds and types of flows and also any parameter changes within those different combinations. The environments and flow structures are listed below.

Environments:

• Constant Ambient: The surrounding density is initially constant.
• Stratified Ambient: The surrounding density falls off as 1/r².
• Toroidal Ambient: The surrounding density decays from the equator to the pole as defined in ​Frank & Mellema, 1994 Apj by the following variables:
  • \alpha_{t} describes the contrast in density of the torus from the pole to the equator.
  • \beta_{t} describes how elliptical or spherical the torus is. Small values coincide with a more elliptical torus while values closer to 1 indicate a more spherical torus.

Flow Structures:

• Clump: A spherical cloud of gas.
• Jet: A constant stream of gas.
• Diverging Wind: A constant stream of gas that sweeps an arc in the surrounding medium.

(See ​Ruka's PN Page for MHD models.)

Standard Parameters

Unless otherwise indicated, these are the parameters to be assumed for the following models.

Outflow Radius	500 AU
Initial Density of Jets & Winds	400 cm-3
Initial Density of Ambient	400 cm-3
Initial Temperature of Outflow & Ambient	100 K
Velocity of Outflow	200 km/s
Acceleration time (Jets & Winds ONLY)	1% of total run time

The environment is a stratified and toroidal ambient, unless otherwise noted.

Torus Alpha (\alpha_{t})	.7
Torus Beta (\beta_{t})	10

t = 0 Frames to Illustrate the Ambient Medium

Constant Ambient, n=1 cm-3	Stratified Only	Stratified+Toroidal

Clump

Constant Ambient

Ambient Density = 1 cm-3	Ambient Density = 10 cm-3	Ambient Density = 100 cm-3
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Varied Ambient

Constant Ambient, n=1 cm-3 Outflow Temp = 104 K	Stratified Ambient	Stratified+Toroidal
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Stratified + Toroidal Ambient

All stratifed + toroidal ambient density models have the following additional parameters:

Additional Parameters
Ambient Density	400 cm-3

Clump

Clump Velocity = 100 km/s	Clump Velocity = 200 km/s	Clump Velocity = 300 km/s	Velocity Comparison
​movie	​movie	​movie
​movie	​movie	​movie

Jet

Jet Velocity = 100 km/s	Jet Velocity = 200 km/s	Jet Velocity = 300 km/s	Velocity Comparison
​movie	​movie	​movie
​movie	​movie	​movie

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Changes to Standard Parameters
Jet Temperature	10,000 K

Jet Velocity = 100 km/s	Jet Velocity = 200 km/s	Jet Velocity = 300 km/s	Velocity Comparison
​movie	​movie	​movie
​movie	​movie	​movie

Diverging Wind

Wind Velocity = 100 km/s	Wind Velocity = 200 km/s	Wind Velocity = 300 km/s	Velocity Comparison
​movie	​movie	​movie
​movie	​movie	​movie

New Models

Jets	Stratified Ambient	Stratified+Toroidal
v = 300 km/s
v = 200 km/s	​movie	​movie
v = 100 km/s
Diverging Wind v=300 km/s	Default Parameters	Constant Ambient, n=100	Constant Ambient, n=10	Strat+Tor, n=4000	Strat+Tor, T=10,000K
Cooling Turned off, Spherical symmetry on	​movie	​movie	​movie	​movie	​movie
		[[]] []	[[]] []	[[]] []	Image(
Spherical Wind	Stratified Ambient	Stratified+Toroidal	Low Density Wind, strat+tor
v = 200 km/s	​movie ​velocity&temp	​movie	​movie
Lee+Sahai	[[]]	[[]]	[[]]